1056-1106 |
Henry IV, King of Germany 1056-1105, Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 |
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1056-1106
Henry IV, King of Germany 1056-1105, Holy Roman Emperor from 1084
1058 |
Patarine lay reformers organize at Milan to oppose clerical marriage and subsequently papal temporal power and corrupt practices. |
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1058
Patarine lay reformers organize at Milan to oppose clerical marriage and subsequently papal temporal power and corrupt practices.
1066 |
William I, "the Conqueror" of England defeats Harold Godwineson at Hastings. |
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1066
William I, "the Conqueror" of England defeats Harold Godwineson at Hastings.
1073-1085 |
Pontificate of Gregory VII, reformer and opponent of lay investiture |
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1073-1085
Pontificate of Gregory VII, reformer and opponent of lay investiture
1075 |
Following his father's (Henry III's) example, Henry IV appointed the Bishop of Milan in 1075, a step opposed by Gregory VII. |
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1075
Pope St. Gregory VII opposed lay investiture (appointment of church officials by non-clerics, such as kings and emperors). Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, appointed his chaplain as Bishop of Milan, prompting Gregory VII to write a letter opposing the appointment.
1085 |
Alfonso VI of Castile takes the great Muslim city of Toledo. |
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1085
Alfonso VI of Castile takes the great Muslim city of Toledo.
1085 |
Domesday Book ordered. A survey of English lands on the occasion of a threat by King Canute of Denmark. |
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1085
Domesday Book ordered. A survey of English lands on the occasion of a threat by King Canute of Denmark.
1095 |
Urban II preaches the first Crusade in response to Alexius Comnenus' appeal. |
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1095
Urban II preaches the first Crusade in response to Alexius Comnenus' appeal.
1098 |
Founding of Cîteaux; beginning of the Cistercian order |
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1098
Founding of Cîteaux; beginning of the Cistercian order
1098-1179 |
Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess, author, and visionary |
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1098-1179
Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess, author, and visionary
1109 |
Death of Anselm of Canterbury |
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1109
Death of Anselm of Canterbury
1115 |
Death of Matilda of Tuscany (names papacy heir, but Henry V claims lands) |
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1115
Death of Matilda of Tuscany (names papacy heir, but Henry V claims lands)
1119/20 |
Beginning of the Knights Templar |
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1119/20
Beginning of the Knights Templar
1122 |
Concordat of Worms, temporary imperial triumph in Investiture Controversy |
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1122
Concordat of Worms, temporary imperial triumph in Investiture Controversy
1137-1180 |
Louis VII, king of France, first husband of Eleanor of Aquitaine |
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1137-1180
Louis VII, king of France, first husband of Eleanor of Aquitaine
~1140 |
Gratian's Decretum includes provisions from Second Lateran Council of 1139, condemning clerical marriage. |
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~1140
Gratian's Decretum includes provisions from Second Lateran Council of 1139, condemning clerical marriage.
1141/2 |
Death of Hugh of Saint-Victor |
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1141/2
Death of Hugh of Saint-Victor
1142 |
Death of Peter Abelard |
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1142
Death of Peter Abelard
1144 |
Jews in Norwich, England, accused of ritual murder (first such accusation documented) |
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1144
Jews in Norwich, England, accused of ritual murder (first such accusation documented)
1144 |
Consecration of the choir of the Basilica of St. Denis (widely regarded as first Gothic church) |
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1144
Consecration of the choir of the Basilica of St. Denis (widely regarded as first Gothic church)
~1150-1205 |
Noyon Cathedral (includes elements of Romanesque and Gothic architecture) |
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~1150-1205
Noyon Cathedral (includes elements of Romanesque and Gothic architecture)
1152-1190 |
Frederick Barbarossa reigns as Holy Roman Emperor. |
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1152-1190
Frederick Barbarossa reigns as Holy Roman Emperor.
1153 |
Death of Bernard of Clairvaux, second founder of the Cistercian Order |
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1153
Death of Bernard of Clairvaux, second founder of the Cistercian Order
1154-1189 |
Henry II, king of England, second husband of Eleanor of Aquitaine |
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1154-1189
Henry II, king of England, second husband of Eleanor of Aquitaine
1155 |
Death of Arnold of Brescia, advocate of a Church without wealth |
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1155
Death of Arnold of Brescia, advocate of a Church without wealth
1158 |
Frederick Barbarossa issues Constitutio Habita, protecting the societas socii at the University of Bologna. |
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1158
Frederick Barbarossa issues Constitutio Habita, protecting the societas socii at the University of Bologna.
1160 |
Death of Peter Lombard |
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1160
Death of Peter Lombard
1163-1250 |
Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris |
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1163-1250
Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris
1170 |
Martyrdom of Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral |
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1170
Martyrdom of Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral
1179 |
Third Lateran Council condemns Peter Waldo's ideas about poverty. |
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1179
Third Lateran Council condemns Peter Waldo's ideas about poverty.
1180-1223 |
Philip II Augustus, king of France |
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1180-1223
Philip II Augustus, king of France
~1180 |
Giraldus Cambrensis reports the presence of scholars at Oxford. |
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~1180
Giraldus Cambrensis reports the presence of scholars at Oxford.
1182 |
Expulsion of the Jews from France |
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1182
Expulsion of the Jews from France
1187 |
Saladin captures Jerusalem. |
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1187
Saladin captures Jerusalem.
1194-1220 |
Chartres Cathedral (fire 1194, central window of clerestory 1205, vaults complete 1220, consecration 1260) |
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1194-1220
Chartres Cathedral (fire 1194, central window of clerestory 1205, vaults complete 1220, consecration 1260)
1198 |
Death of Averroes (ibn Rushd) |
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1198
Death of Averroes (ibn Rushd)
1198-1216 |
Pontificate of Innocent III |
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1200 |
Edict of Philip Augustus guarantees that Provost will respect the rights and privileges of the scholars at the University of Paris. |
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1204 |
Sack of Constantinople, during the Fourth Crusade |
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1209 |
Innocent III approves Francis of Assisi's first rule orally. |
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1209-1229 |
Albigensian Crusade |
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1212-1250 |
Frederick II rules successively as King of Germans (1212-1250), Holy Roman Emperor (1220-1250), and King of Jerusalem (1229-1243). |
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1214 |
Emperor Otto of Brunswick and John Lackland defeated by Philip Augustus of France, Innocent III, and Frederick's German allies at Bouvines. |
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1215 |
Magna Carta signed at Runnymeade. |
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1215 |
Fourth Lateran Council affirms transubstantiation, recognizes Mendicant friars, outlaws other new orders, requires Jews to wear special clothing, and establishes the Inquisition. |
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1217 |
Order of Preachers approved by Honorius III. |
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1220 |
Construction of Amiens Cathedral begins. |
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1221 |
Death of Dominic de Guzman, founder of the Dominican Order |
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~1222 |
University of Padua |
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1224 |
University of Naples |
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1226 |
Death of Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan Order |
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1226-1270 |
Louis IX, "Saint Louis", king of France, died on Crusade. |
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1227-1241 |
Pontificate of Gregory IX |
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1228-1253 |
Construction of the Church of San Francesco at Assisi |
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1231 |
Frederick II issued the Constitutions of Melfi (Liber Augustalis). |
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1231 |
Pope Gregory IX issues Parens scientiarum. |
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1231 |
Frederick II issues an edict prohibiting the practice or teaching of medicine without approval by the masters of Salerno. |
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1240 |
Disputation of Paris on whether the Talmud is blasphemous |
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1253 |
Death of Robert Grosseteste, bishop of Lincoln |
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~1260 |
Death of Richard Rufus of Cornwall |
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1263 |
Barcelona Disputation: a Dominican seeks to prove that sages of the Talmud believed in Jesus as the Messiah. |
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1274 |
Death of Bonaventure |
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1274 |
Death of Thomas Aquinas |
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1277-1280 |
Nicholas III (Orsini) issues Exiit qui seminat in 1279. |
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1277 |
Condemnation at the University of Paris of 219 "philosophical errors" |
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1280 |
Death of Albertus Magnus |
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1282 |
Sicilian Vespers: Pro-Papal French slaughtered by Sicilians loyal to the empire. |
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1283 |
Siege of Forli ends with imperial defeat, giving the Pope control of Romagna. |
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1283-1287 |
Conwy Castle, minor work continued to 1292 |
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1283-1310 |
Basilica del Santo, Padua |
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1285-1314 |
Philip IV, "the Fair", king of France |
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1292 |
Death of Roger Bacon |
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1293 |
Death of Henry of Ghent |
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1294-1303 |
Pontificate of Boniface VIII, who succeeds Celestine V |
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1301/2 |
Death of Gertrude the Great of Helfta |
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1303-1305 |
Scrovegni Chapel (Giotto frescoes) |
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